Pre Columbian Art Is Art That Was Created Before Whose Arrival in the Americas

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xiii,000 BC – 1500 AD

Art in America existed long before the arrival of Columbus and was as, or more than in some cases, sophisticated as the art of the known world. Pre-Columbian art in the Southern and Northern American Continents and the Caribbean islands was created from nearly all mediums with levels of skill from rudimentary to mastered.

Visual fine art was specially interested in how humans fit into the physical and the metaphysical worlds, humanity's place in the workings of the heavens, and in the histories of the ancestors. Some forms of art were for record keeping, counting, trade, and correspondence.

While the title Pre-Columbian refers to all of the Americas and its islands, the largest focus on the menstruum deals with Mesoamerica, Cardinal America, and Southward America leaving Native North American and Inuit art in their own categories.

Origins and Historical Importance:

Mesoamerica and Central America

The first major civilisation in Central America was that of the Olmec who lived from nearly 1200 – 400 BC. They lived in the tropical jungle-similar atmosphere of South Fundamental Mexico and were responsible for very large heads over 8 feet tall sculpted from boulders. They also carved in Jade, frequently focusing on figures of babies, but also carving animals, fish, and birds. The colossal heads of the Olmec also have very baby-like features, though they are of grown men, sometimes in military headdress. The Olmec were the first to build pyramids and ceremonial complexes in Central America.

Aztec Calendar

Aztec Agenda

The Maya were the second smashing civilization and were mostly an agrestal culture flourishing from 200-900 AD. They painted petroglyphs and murals, and sculpted and carved in woods and rock. The Mayans are responsible for one of the near accurate calendars known to man that recorded time in advance of over k years. Their calendars are elaborately crafted with hieroglyphics and figures. Their wall murals were equally vivid, distinctive, and well-rendered as the European and Mediterranean art of the same age and type, if not more so.

The Toltec were a warring culture with the dedication to ruthless gods like Quetzalcoatl who demanded worship and sacrifice. They are best known for the large and numerous continuing statues guarding their ceremonial complexes and for their carvings in relief.

The Mixtec existed both earlier and after the Aztecs and while the Aztecs flourished, they were nether their power. They produced paintings with flatly painted figures in bright colors. I instance is of a family tree done in figures rather than writing.

The Aztecs were i the about powerful empires in the Americas. They were highly avant-garde artists that worked in mosaic for both architectural designs and for employ in ceremonial masks. Aztec artists were adept in painting vividly colored frescoes, and in metalwork for adornment and decoration.

S America

Crescent Shaped Ornament with Bat – Moche Culture

The Chavin Civilization of the Andes mountains in Republic of peru were potters, sculptors, and carvers that lived from 1000 – 300 BC. The subjects of their works are frequently anthropomorphic creatures with the human-shaped bodies but fauna features. Animals of import to the Chavin were birds, reptiles, and large cats, most importantly, the Jaguar. The Chavin were also not bad painters of murals as tin exist seen at the Chavin de Huantar site.

The people of the Nazca river valley are known for the lines that zigzag across the desert mural in the shape of birds and other mysterious subjects, however, this is not the only fine art produced past this culture. They were very imaginative in the creation and decorations of their polychrome ceramics, generally involving human and beast figures, sometimes in abstraction.

The greatest artists of the pre-Columbian earth were the Moche from the northern river valleys on the coast of Peru. Their art was uncommonly realistic and finely worked. They are known for portrait vessels, which have highly detailed and brilliantly washed heads. Scholars believe that the Moche gave spiritual significance and communicated spiritual ideas with their ceramics. Subjects of art ranged from natural elements and animals to conceptual subjects like gods, demons, and sex.

The Wari Empire of the Andes were likewise skillful creators of ceramics, particularly creating pieces that venerated the Staff of God, the oldest deity to be visually recorded in the Americas. He is often shown holding a staff in each hand. The Wari also excelled in architecture and sculpture, especially in stone. The Gate of the Dominicus includes The Staff of God surrounded by religious symbols.

The Staff God of Tiwanaku

The goldsmiths of the Chimu Empire on the Peruvian Declension created portraits in argent and gold. They also improved on a previous ceramic art known as Sican. Their architectural achievements are displayed at the palace of Chan Chan. The Chimu people also created an art of feather working in which elaborate headdresses were made featuring the animals of the water and air.

Key Highlights

Pre-Columbian religion was intensely focused on a fright of the end of the earth. They abused themselves, sacrificed each other, and let their blood all to appease their gods to keep them from destroying the world. Some of this superstition carried into the practice of Christianity in these regions and cocky-flagellation is nonetheless practiced there today.
The Nahuan people translate or interpret the earth 'Tolteca' to mean an artist. The word took on the symbolism of being cultured, especially under the influence of urban intellectual resources. The opposite word to Tolteca was "Chichimecayotl" which was associated with uneducated and uncivilized rural peoples.
The Peruvian Paracas civilisation buried their deceased in elaborate wraps

Top Works

The Staff God of Tiwanaku – Bolivia
Crescent Shaped Ornamentation with Bat – Moche Culture
Totanac Andesite Hacha – relief; Veracruz
Aztec Calendar
Temple Circuitous at Chichen Itza
La Venta Monument – Olmec
San Lorenzo Tenochtitlan

Art History Movements (Club by the period of origin)

Dawn of Man – BC x

Paleolithic Art (Dawn of Man – 10,000 BC), Neolithic Fine art (8000 BC – 500 Advert), Egyptian Art (3000 BC - 100 AD), Ancient Nigh Eastern Fine art (Neolithic era – 651 BC), Bronze and Iron Age Art (3000 BC – Debated), Aegean Art (2800-100 BC), Archaic Greek Art (660-480 BC), Classical Greek Art (480-323 BC ), Hellenistic Art (323 BC – 27 BC), Etruscan Art (700 - 90 BC)

1st Century to 10th Century

Roman Art (500 BC – 500 AD), Celtic Art. Parthian and Sassanian Art (247 BC – 600 AD), Steppe Art (9000BC – 100 Ad), Indian Fine art (3000 BC - current), Southeast Asian Fine art (2200 BC - Present), Chinese and Korean Fine art, Japanese Art (11000 BC – Present), Early on Christian Art (260-525 Advertizement, Byzantine Art (330 – 1453 Advertizing), Irish Art (3300 BC - Present), Anglo Saxon Art (450 – 1066 Ad), Viking Art (780 Advertizing-1100AD), Islamic Art (600 Advert-Present)

10thCentury to 15th Century

Pre Columbian Fine art (13,000 BC – 1500 Advertizing), North American Indian and Inuit Art (4000 BC - Nowadays), African Art (), Oceanic Fine art (1500 – 1615 AD), Carolingian Art (780-900 AD), Ottonian Art (900 -1050 Advertisement), Romanesque Art (k Advertisement – 1150 AD), Gothic Art (1100 – 1600 AD), The survival of Artifact ()

Art History - 15th century onwards

Renaissance Fashion (1300-1700), The Northern Renaissance (1500 - 1615), Mannerism (1520 – 17th Century), The Baroque (1600-1700), The Rococo (1600-1700), Neo Classicism (1720 - 1830), Romanticism (1790 -1890), Realism (1848 - Present), Impressionism (1860 - 1895), Mail service-Impressionism (1886 - 1904), Symbolism and Art Nouveau (1880 -1910), Fauvism , Expressionism (1898 - 1920), Cubism . Futurism (1907-1928 )Abstract Art (1907 – Present 24-hour interval), Dadasim,. Surrealism (1916 - 1970),. Latin American Art (1492 - Present, Modern American Art (1520 – 17th Century), Postwar European Fine art (1945 - 1970), Australian Art (28,000 BC - Nowadays), Southward African Art (98,000 BC - Present)

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Pre Columbian Art – Major Artworks

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Source: https://www.theartist.me/art-movement/pre-columbian-art/

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